The Impact Of Globalization On Engineering Companies

The Impact Of Globalization On Engineering Companies Globalization is one of the prominent features in the current trend of evolution for national economies. Companies and Nations can be offered with huge potential profits through globalization, but it is more complicated to implement because of widely differing expectations, standard of living, cultures and values as well as unexpected global cause-and-effect linkages. [1] Financial Globalization: Combination of sedentary financial system of a particular country with international organization as well as financial markets. Financial globalization acts as a safeguard against national shocks, an excellent system for the global allocation of resources in a more efficient way. [2] Production Globalization: Producers are getting more benefits from different cultures cheap labors all around the world, due to which world has become the global village. Companies prefer other parts of the world, where products are available at lower cost. Other reason for this is availability of natural resources in the country preferred facility provided by that country for foreign investments. This has a wide application addressed as production globalization, which needs higher technological knowledge countries with highly skilled people. [3] Competitive Globalization: In world where global competition is increasingly growing, nation has become more, not less, prominent. Basis of competition being shifted more more, the generation orientation of knowledge, role of nation has flourished. Competitive advantages is generated and approved through a highly confined process. Diversity in national values, culture, economic structures, institutions histories are all devoted to competitive success. Companies achieve competitive advantage through acts of innovation with broadest sense, including the new ways new technologies, this helps in perceiving an entirely new market opportunity. Globalization of Industry technology always helps in creating new winners also losers within the national economy for the competition to be more stronger. [4] Basic step of globalization is that, it is an intensified transference of exchange of things between pre-constituted units, being they are political, economic and cultural. Thus, Globalization signifies a process of change which originates at the level of unit in terms of unintended consequences of interaction between units. [5] Understanding of globalization can be accomplished in terms of range of values across the below mentioned four characteristics. When we see how far it reaches, broader geographical effects could be experienced in events and actions that take place. Globalization involves social, political economic activities being stretched and once it is implemented onto the process, one part of the world has an increasing effect on the situations in the other parts of world. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTBMX7rPCg3IhrcLq9BVCHUHJAqtsGMIvMazbRNCChdlvBT6obQ Fig: Understanding the concept of globalization. (Google Images) Speed of global interconnections processes are uncertain. Results of developments in travel and communication technology have larger velocity. Impact of Globalization cannot be expected only in single type, but there are four different types of impact or outcome. Decisional Impact: What are the effects of globalizing processes? How do individuals, corporations, organization government make decisions? Institutional Impact: How the agendas of organizations and individuals are changed and structure their preferences regarding choices and influences? Distributive Impact: How is the distribution of way, wealth power within and among the countries changed? Structural Impact: How are the patterns behavior structured? This contains Social patterns, political patterns, economic patterns etc. [6] Source of lot of disputes over globalization involves different perceptions and the criteria employed in conceptualizing and defining it. Globalization of any market is at hand. The powerful force drive arises by comprising the commonality of the technology. This has three distinct abilities over the idea of Globalization, as explained below. (Source-International sociology p-180) Globalization as Transference implies that there is an exchange across the existing unit boundaries, units and systems but it is presumed to be identical to each other. Considering this interpretation, concept of globalization is an individuals ontology, which is logically open for methodological structuring possibilities. Hence takes place at an inside out direction in its flow. Following this logic of transference, we have an intense condensation of consequences today with larger systems being coupled over a corresponding inability to account for how the transformation of units might occur in process. So when there is a certain effect, it is possible to argue that globalization has a new geographical extension of state authority for pushing forward the process, while modern state remains as a globalization vehicle. (Source-International sociology p-184) Globalization as Transformation is a process which occurs at system level, affecting both system and identity of units in equal proportion. This concept is distinct from the first concept which defines the concept of globalization as a multidimensional process that takes place outside in. But there is continuity between them, wherein this second concept theorizes exactly about what is left out and rendered enigmatically by the first concept. Transformation preserves the distinction between unit and the system, but relativizes problematizes the system by turning it into a same level of units analyzed as its constituent parts. From this point of view, globalization might be made to look both necessary irreversible. (Source-International sociology P-186) Globalization as Transcendence implies those distinctions that together condition unit, system and dimension identity. Under this case, the Globalization is neither inside out nor outside in but rather a process that dissolves the divide between inside and outside. This concept is harder than that of transformation, because its concepts are beyond conventional theoretical categories. Globalization brings change not only to identify the units system, but also to the conditions of existence of objects of enquiry and the fields where they are temporalized as per the requirement of human knowledge, hence deriving the globalization forward in a dynamic irreducible form within particular dimensions. [5] Impact of Globalization: People rely more on market economy which has provided more faith in private capital resources, wherein International organizations started playing vital role in developing Industries giving fair impact to certain extent by giving varied opportunities. http://www.fotosearch.com/bthumb/ICN/ICN219/F0015451.jpg It helped in improving better productivity, hence improving standard of living. These are the positive impacts of Globalization over the Industries. The negative impact of globalization has thrown uncertain challenges like inequality across within industries along with market and environmental situations becoming worse. Industries being guarded by trade, investments financial issues, Liberalization process took the pace of Globalization. Financial globalization impact is huge in the composition of national international capital markets. The banking system was mostly stirred it had to experience the dis-intermediation. http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRrMsuwZagwCgZtdlvGarflv8WtMe8wwn7gLFHuIdM2SwzhSK38rA Positive Impact: Enhanced capital flow in each every country with which a country at any time is ready to face the financial confrontation. Capital flow between nations increased, which resulted in a well-organized way Improvement in the standard of living. Negative impact: Poor economy of any country would be affected by financial shocks of different countries. It would cause a severe disorder cost high for stock market turbulence, bank failures, corporate bankruptcies, currency depreciation, etc. For financially developed countries, financial globalization would reap out an extremely advantageous output. [7] Impact of Competitive globalization- Globalization has created fast growing market that stimulates new competition, demands higher level of efficiency requires true ability in supply chain development. Globalization of Industry technology promises to accelerate transnational integration cross-fertilization in engineering, technology and management. http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRnTBkbtQLFxjzqpMHpcT35VTbgrkxliOTxbhXoynzCICu388zGlg Fig: Competitive Globalization. (Google images) Competitive globalization of technical activities improves the difference and depth of current stock of world engineering and resources thereby provide greater stimulus to economic growth and technological development. [8] Impact of Production Globalization- Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the industrial licensing regime, reduction in the specialization, correction of the ownership and the restrictive trade practice act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction in tariff rates and change over to the market determined exchange rates. http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQtzwR1iADc_QOa2sHQDTdvo4QSGRu-RHNJ5TT_SBE5RX8OZsTd Fig: Production Globalization (Google Images) India has to concentrate on five important areas to achieve the set goal. The areas like technological entrepreneurship, new business openings for small and medium enterprises, importance of quality management, new prospects in rural areas and privatisation of financial institutions. The manufacturing of technology and management of technology are two different significant areas in the country. [9] Globalization has many positive, contemporary enterprising aspects so as to increase the market access, capital access access to technology which improves the income employment opportunities. Intensified competition given through the transfer of investments, production rapid structural changes is the main principle of globalization. But if there is any pressure from globalization, it would affect the employment relations at regional, national international levels. Source- Human resource champions (Dave Ulrich) p-176 Important Effects of Globalization are raising competitiveness, relocation of economic activities, structural changes in economy, increased integration of global economic activities, improving technological advancements, increased innovation and skill mismatch. Impact of globalization varies considerably according to the organizational settings within each country; this framework influences the employer strategies business interests. Source- Human Resource Champions (Dave Ulrich) P-181 [10] Challenges of Globalization: The influence of globalization framework describes extent to which the firms respond to the opportunities threats evinced by Globalization; it is characterized by management initiatives to modify business tactics, marketing activities general series of tactical exercises in adroit move characterized by craftiness. Challenge : Earth Puzzle Prominent challenges of globalization are, competitive horizon is dominated by globalization. Globalization entails new ways of thinking about business; it may be regarding new markets, products, mind sets or competencies. Complex network of global centers of excellence is required for effective global competencies. Developing countries when integrated into global economy will present difficult challenges which are worth gaining. This is to be more significantly achieved by Industrial Developing countries. This provides an opportunity to improve the welfare over the long term. Wide ranging impact of globalization touches on many basic philosophical questions that give raise to different challenges. Globalization challenges to the traditional assumptions like profound quantitative increase in and intensification of social relations. [11] Detailed Description of Globalization impact over the service, product financial issues: To understand this whole concept, let us consider an example to be the context; wherein I have considered QUEST GLOBAL to explain this whole concept. http://www.quest-global.com/images/Quest_logo.gif Fig: Quest Global (questglobal.com) Growing is easy when company is small, but growing is not as easy when the same company grows bigger. Quest global is a leading provider of diversified engineering manufacturing services globally. It employs over 2000 professionals and has delivery centers in India, USA, Italy, Japan, Germany, France, Singapore, UK Spain. Quest Global is ranked World No.1 in Engineering Service Outsourcing by the Black Book of Outsourcing 2009. Quest Manufacturing specializes in precision manufacturing for aerospace, automotive and industrial components, power generation, large scale turnkey fabrication, design and manufacturing of test rigs, tooling, fixtures and gages. Quest has partnered with more than 10,000 companies around globe. It is a globalized company which is more stable in the systems management market for more than 20 years offering solid brand recognition. All over the world customers have selected Quest Global because of its product innovation passion, deep manufacturing expertise main focus over the consumer needs. [12] Milestones: At first, found Ajit Prabhu Aravind Melligeri in New York (Chairman and Chief executive Officer); after which Quest Global India was set up in Bangalore. It acquired a position of leader in providing Computer Aided Engineering consulting services, so as to enter the automotive domain. Finally by 2 years of hard work, it received its ISO 9001:2000 certification. Next step was getting appointed by Ansys, as its first-of-its-kind Centre of excellence in India. http://www.hfmametrony.org/Portals/0/Milestones_side.jpg Fig: Milestone (Google images) It signed up with United Technologies in Aero scope domain to provide good services. Wholly owned subsidiary was set up in Italy with its office at Florence, then in China with its office at Hangzhou. It received funding from Carlyle group that invested so as to improve its facilities to access new customers or markets. Wholly owned subsidiary was set up in Japan with its office in Yokohama City. Expanding of Aerospace manufacturing and Magellan Aero scope; Quest Global Manufacturing signs a 10 year strategic agreement. Both Quest Global and Magellan launch Indias first special processing facility for aerospace manufacturing. It received the award ISO 27001 for product development and engineering solutions promoters bought back the Carlyle stake. It achieved AS9100 Certification for aerospace manufacturing. Quest global becomes 1st India private sector player qualified globally to offer end to end solutions to EADS (European Aeronautic Defence Space Company). Quest manufacturing sets up a sheet metal fabrication facility for aerospace. Company got the notification from Government of India to lease out land at its precision engineering SEZ (Special Economic Zones) at Belgaum, India. It won competitive strategy leadership award from Frost Sullivan. It acquired ASE (Automotive Service Excellence) Technologies. It was awarded International Head Quarters Status by EDB (Economic Development Board), Singapore. Quest Globals commitment to quality and distinguished record in Engineering Consulting Services and Manufacturing has enabled it to establish a leadership position in most of its service offerings. With a best-in-class global leadership team, Quest Global is recognized as one of the largest pure play engineering services player, providing integrated product development and build solutions across the engineering services value chain. [13] After looking at all these achievements, we can understand how well this company is influenced by the production competitive efficiencies and has helped the company to grow in a well-developed manner globally all over the world. The vision of this company is to be most recognized respected global product development solutions partner to their customers. With respect to these visions, the company has its mission set which is to enhance the profitability of their customers through globalization. The core values for acquiring this mission are:http://www.eaaev.org/images/mission-statement.jpg Customer focus. Change championship. Teamwork. Accountability. To provide the globalized engineering service, they made use of crucial soft skills with the conclusion that, there is no one size fits to all solution for managing that satisfying level of end users. According to their opinion, customer relationship management communication were important for which the result would be seen in the milestones mentioned above. There is a tremendous change experienced in outsourcing characteristics which is aiming towards the tactical strategic benefits globally. Initially started with the availability of resources, which is now transformed into strategic initiatives like diversity, new capabilities catching up new markets trend for increase in productivity profitability of company. This has given major challenges ahead before achieving the goal that is set by the company. The solution for these major challenges was an excellent program managing framework, which helped in achieving the goals, maintain implement increasing benefits within the company. The foremost and key successful factor for the success of globalization is an effective efficient framework for managing the program in more productive manner. This process includes understanding customer needs, new value propositions based on the extracted needs, implementation of approved value propositions, value addition which helped in continuously improving. All these factors were achieved only through efficient coordinating with end users, management, sponsors, team members, supporting functions and suppliers for the relevant integration and control of various processes. Once the goals are being set into the framework, it is very important that clear objectives are to be defined for the whole process to be successful. In most of globalized environments all the parameters are framed for the growth support of the business, increase in the return of investment (margin velocity), continuously customizing the customer needs not losing any opportunities. The driving factor that contributes to pull push system required highly motivated and energetic leadership which plays the vital role and to react for changes that may occur drastically. All processes were made flexible, mature capable at all stages- program, project, task activity. Resulting output with standards were made acceptable by appearance, domain or the function. This success was made possible by establishing proper vision, mission, growth, n finally implementing these road maps with effective controlling changing these maps according to the customer requirements. SWOT analysis was more reliable for understanding the customer needs by filling the frequent gaps or risk analysis. To foster the quality, detailed process tools were used in the framework. Techniques like Manage by wandering around (MBWA) Manage by action items (MBAI) were used as a key drive to the success. This company has three different domains in which it has been successful all these years; they are Aerospace, Automotive Industrial products. When we just concentrate on how this company has improved globally within all these three domains individually, we get to know different characteristics from each and every domain. Looking into the Quest Manufacturing domain, it specializes in manufacturing products with precision, fabrication of sheet metal, tool design development, aerospace gauges fixtures, special processing, Industrial automotive verticals. Customized end-to-end solution is provided by flexible and modular approach from design to manufacturing; this reduces the cost value being increased. When exploring Quest Engineering domain, this company provides modified manufacturing engineering services. This company helps customers in different fields like industrial products, consumer electronics, in aerospace, health care, oil gas, power generation so as to cut product development costs, shortening lead times, maximizing the availability of resources, extending capacity by providing the complete support across the product life cycle from design modeling through analysis, prototyping, automation, data documentation, instrumentation controls, embedded systems development, manufacturing support, vendor management in-house precision machining. [14] They utilize a systematic approach called Global product development in order to bring resources together and manage from low cost regions to improve the customers profitability. It also uses SEZ for precision engineering which provides best-in-class facilities infrastructure for aerospace industry. C:UsersNamrathaDesktopashwiniCapture.PNG Fig (a): Increased Variation in achievement of the company in previous years. (Image from trusted source) Influence of financial, competitive production globalization on the relationship of Quest-Global and its client world-wide includes lot many significant factors. They are: Mindset We will do. There are 3 important mindset over which the company must focus for the productive outcome. They are It will happen, It may or may not happen or Its not going to happen. Chances of the companys success increases dramatically only when the process starts with We can do it mindset. Quality Delivery- Customers are God. No service business can sustain grow if it is not able to cherish its customers. Repeating business makes the issue possible. Quality always comes first, cost always comes next. Customer Focus Listen to the Customers. Customers are the vital players of any company are business, because they are the providers of Statement of work they are the individuals who give purchase orders. Hands on value driven It is not just the job we have to perform, but it is our mission. This must be the attitude of people involved in work in any company. This was the concern each every worker in this company which has increased the global position of this company to a very large extent as shown in the graph. [Information from trusted source] The other two important factors that are influencing the growth of this company worldwide drastically are Outsourcing Off-shoring. To make the product development cost minimum, to shorten the lead time, for the capacity to be extended, engineering resources to be maximized, the company use the technique of Outsourcing. To build deliver the products that are better and cheaper, to minimize the developing costs, to reduce the lead time, maximizing the resources, the technique of Off-shore engineering service is being used. This transforms the vendor company into a global force. Hence, this company is one of the top off-shore engineering companies for its resilience as a mature stable for their clients. Quests expertise in outsourcing engineering services ranges from concept design, detailing analysis, to product realization solution in all fields like aerospace, civil structures, power generation, industrial products, oil gas and transportation. They provide better, faster more value-optimized solutions through global product development framework. [15] Conclusion: By realizing their future goal, they clocked the revenue value fixed per every headcount in the company to certain value for certain time period. Even under that recession period that occurred in 2008, it grew its revenue by 15%. This had an effect of growth mindset, strong cost controls cautious spending which helped them in sailing over complications without making any undeniable choices across the board until this point of their global journey. http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDS4AnZna9f_qOuJaY7tOS6hGlBctOF8PwL1Cu9Y78BkRXqjtV Fig: conclusion (Google images) They also used the strong key factors to stand strong over the global market; they are committed team members, focused strategy on strategic accounts, ability to adapt and meet the client needs. The company looks its future goals in a very promising way, due to which they are backed by strong bonding with their strategic accounts with Rolls Royce, Pratt Whitney, GE, Hamilton, Sundstrand, PG, EADS and several other emerging accounts. Their belief in saying, Past success does not guarantee the future success has helped them in achieving a drive of 40% growth every year. This result has created a dynamic market that has stimulated a strong competitive environment within the company and also the demands have reached a very high level of efficiency, this also requires true ability in supply chain development for both Financial and production impact. The Industry technology they are using, it promises to accelerate transnational integration cross-fertilization in all sectors of engineering, technical management. Bringing together and managing resources from low cost regions has helped them enhance their customers profitability. The usage of automation tool in production domain has helped the user in reducing the design cycle time considerably which provides with more accurate and detailed information. All the design rules and logics are now incorporated inside the master models which help in better knowledge management. The migration from 2D to 3D CAD platform has helped the user in reducing design errors and provides better visualization of the product. The standardization of the product structure and design practice and automating the same has given the user an edge over its competitors. [15] Their competitive globalization of technical activities has promised to improve the differences depth of current stock of world engineering and resources; thereby providing the greater stimulus to the economic growth technological development. [Information from trusted source]

Marketing intelligence: Final Exam Essay

1) Which of the following is NOT a step that might be used to improve the quality of a firm’s marketing intelligence? A. Watching how the stock market reacts to interest rate changes B. Motivating distributors to pass along important intelligence from the marketplace. C. Collecting competitive intelligence by buying a competitor’s products D. Setting up a consumer panel 2) When Molly’s parents retired, they decided they wanted to travel. They found an ideal job that allows them to travel for free, but the only catch is they have to stay at Holiday Inns. During each stay, they test all the amenities offered by the motel and evaluate each. The evaluation forms are sent to the motel headquarters where it becomes part of the motel’s __________ systems. A. Accountability information system (AIS) B. Marketing intelligence C. Experiential research data D. Marketing research 3) Typically, companies budget about 11-12 percent of company sales for marketing research. A. True B. Fasle 4) Which of the following is NOT a component part of total customer value? A. Psychic value B. Image value C. Product value D. Services value 5) Lee is constantly begging his mother to buy him an iPod because the most popular kids at his school all have one. His mother contends that he’ll just break it or lose the music player if she buys it for him. For Lee, the most popular kids in his school are examples of a _______________. A. Social class B. Demographic group C. Subculture D. Reference group 6) A(n) ________________ is likely to offer informal advice and information about a product or product category. A. Opinion leader B. Diversity marketing program C. Primary reference group D. Aspirational reference group 7) Which factors have the broadest and deepest influence on consumer behavior? A. Cultural B. Psychological C. Personal D. Social 8) Painting and consulting are considered industrial goods because ______________. A. Most firms do not seek them directly B. They are specialty goods C. They facilitate developing and managing the finished product D. They are considered â€Å"component materials† 9) When SAP software added a Windows-style â€Å"back† button to its industrial invoice management software, the new product ___________. A. Improved upon an existing product B. Used a new product line C. Used a marketing diversification strategy D. Added to an existing product line 10) Ayal and Zif argue that going into fewer countries is advisable when ___________. A. Population is low, and income size and growth are high in the initial countries chosen. B. Population and income size are high, and population growth is low in the initial countries chosen. C. Population, income size, and growth are high in the initial countries chosen. D. Population, income size and growth are low in the initial countries chosen. 11) Which is the last major decision in international marketing? A. Deciding on the marketing program B. Deciding which markets to enter C. Deciding how to enter the market D. Deciding on the marketing organization 12) Which of the following is NOT a step that might be used to improve the quality of a firm’s marketing intelligence? A. Watching how the stock market reacts to interest rate changes B. Motivating distributors to pass along  important intelligence from the marketplace. C. Collecting competitive intelligence by buying a competitor’s products D. Setting up a consumer panel 13) Which is correct about â€Å"noise† in the communication process? A. It mostly happens during the decoding stage B. It interferes with intended communication C. It is controllable D. It has only one source 14) Marketing __________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A. segmentation B. integration C. internally D. management 15) Public policy makers have developed a substantial body of laws and regulations to govern advertising. For these reasons, an important step in developing anadvertising campaign is _____________. A. The social responsibility review B. Asking network censors what to cut out of the communication C. Preparing a copy strategy statement D. The creative development of the message 16) Which of the following is an example of primary data that would be used by Topps card company to determine popularity of its new hologram baseball card series? A. Sales records for baseball cards gathered by the industry’s trade council. B. An article about the hologram cards in a recent issue of Sports Illustrated C. Data from sales records kept by exclusive dealers of Topp’s hologram series D. Input from focus groups that was put together specifically to discuss their perception of popularity of the hologram card series 17) A marketing information system (MIS) consists of ___________. A. An organized collection of comprehensive data about individual customers, prospects, or suspects that is currently accessible for marketing purposes. B. The systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation. C. The people,  equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers. D. A set of procedures and sources used by managers to obtain everyday information and relevant developments in the marketing environment. 18) The step in the marketing research process thatincludes determining who will be sampled is to _______________. A. Collect the information B. Develop the research plan C. Define the problem and research objectives D. Make the decision based on the project outcomes 19) All of the following are steps in the marketing research process EXCEPT: A. Compare data to government sources B. Collect the information C. Define the problem and research objectives D. Present the findings 20) The ____________ consists of all the organizations that acquire goods and services used in the production of other products or services that are sold, rented, or supplied to other customers. A. Consumer market B. Institutional market C. Government market D. Business market 21) Toyota, the maker of the Scion brand, using what kind of brand strategy with Scion products? A. Individual names B. Blanket family names C. Corporate names D. Separate family names 22) When SAP software added a Windows-style â€Å"back† button to its industrial invoice management software, the new product ___________. A. Improved upon an existing product B. Used a marketing diversification strategy C. Added to an existing product line D. Used a new product line 23) When customers buy on the basis of a reference price or because the price conveys a particular quality image to them, they are being influenced by ____________. A. The going rates of competitors B. Value augmented by perception C. The psychology of pricing D. Value pricing 24) A __________ pricing objective is suitable for a company that has overcapacity, intense competition, and changing customer needs. A. Maximum current revenue B. Maximum sales growth C. Survival D. Maximum current profit 25) A concept in retailing that helps explain the emergence of new retailers is called the ___________ hypothesis. A. Service-assortment B. Product life-cycle C. Retail life cycle D. Wheel-of-retailing 26) Which of the following would NOT be considered part of a marketing communications program? A. An event sponsorship B. Personal selling C. A sales promotion D. Brand contact 27) McDonald’s franchisees get a small discount when they pay their bills for supplies within the first seven days (when the due date is 30 days after delivery). This is an example of ___________ within channel relations. A. Sharing the risks B. Territorial rights C. Price policies D. Conditions of sales 28) __________________ are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind customers about the products and brands they sell. A. Marketing communications B. Sales promotions C. Mass communications D. Brand images 29) Which of the following is most closely associated with a proactive marketing orientation? A. It represents the â€Å"make and sellâ€Å"philosophy. B. The marketer focuses on the customers’ latent needs. C. It is about understanding and meeting customers’ expressed needs. D. It involves delivering superior value 30) Marketing __________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A. segmentation B. integration C. management D. internally 31) Which of the following is NOT a component part of total customer value? A.Product value B.Services value C.Psychic value D.Image value 32) About a year ago, Echo began renting her movies from Netflix. She perceived Netflix to be a better source because of the enhanced selection, the responsive customer service emails she has received in answer to her online queries, better pricing, and less effort compared to renting from the store in her town. Netflix has offered Echo better _________ than the local competition. A.Total customer cost B.Customer perceived value C.Customer delivered value D.Total customer value 33) Lowe’s home improvement stores strive to have nicer, more knowledgeable salespeople, a better product selection, and to maintain an impeccable image. These are all part of improving the offer via _____________. A.Reducing the buyer’s nonmonetary costs B.Reducing the product’s monetary costs to the buyers. C.Increasing the service value D.Increasing total customer value 34) _____________ are relatively homogeneous and enduring divisions in society, and may exhibit distinct product, brand, and media preferences. A.Subcultures B.Social classes C.Demographic groups D.Cultures 35) Lee is constantly begging his mother to buy him an iPod because the most popular kids at his school all have one. His mother contends that he’ll just break it or lose the music player if she buys it for him. For Lee, the most popular kids in his school are examples of a _______________. A.Social class B.Subculture C.Demographic group D.Reference group 36) Business buying behavior differs from consumer buying behavior in that _________. A.[Answer Text]Businesses buy products to accomplish a single goal, which varies by industry and business. B.The buyers for the business market are typically more geographically dispersed than those for the consumer market and the demand for products and services in the consumer market is unaffected by price fluctuations. C.The demand for business goods and services is derived from consumer’s final demand. D.Fewer people typically participate in or influence business buying decisions than in the consumer market. 37) The institutional market is best described as having _____________. A.Contract negotiations and fluctuating demand B.Low budgets and a captive clientele C.Derived demand, geographically concentratedsuppliers, and budgetary constraints. D.Demand elasticity and geographically concentrated suppliers 38) The ____________ consists of all the organizations that acquire goods and services used in the production of other products or services that are sold, rented, or supplied to other customers. A.Consumer market B.Business market C.Government market D.Institutional market 39) Toyota, the maker of the Scion brand, using what kind of brand strategy with Scion products? A.Individual names B.Separate family names C.Corporate names D.Blanket family names

Presidential Success President And The Political...

George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Ronald Reagan, and Franklin Roosevelt are consistently ranked high in rankings of presidential success, yet most political scholars would agree that presidential success is one of the most difficult topics to define. The same issues that make the topic of presidential success interesting and open to debate also make it difficult to determine. There are numerous problems with attempting to define presidential success: the intended public and the political ideology of the selected public are both difficult factors. If one takes a survey of average Americans, the results will certainly look different than the results from a survey of historians or political scientists. In cases such as these it can be difficult to decide if a degree or experience in a field overrule the everyday person, or if the majority rules. The correct answer to this may even change as the survey is presented to each of the groups. Furthermore, if one does a sur vey of Democrats, the results of presidential greatness will likely differ from a survey of Republicans. Even if one selects an equal proportion of each party, the radical Democrats and the moderate Democrats will likely have a vastly different opinion. The issue of third-party supporters and independents only adds another layer to this problem. After these basic questions, we face a second problem: deciding which factors are important when attempting to determine presidential greatness. JamesShow MoreRelatedThe Transcontinental Caucus Zone1425 Words   |  6 Pageseconomies. However, even with the abundance of natural resources available to the Caucus region, the area continues to fail to reach its economic potential due to political and social turmoil. Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan are of particular interest due to the nature of their territorial size and political influence in the Caucus region. The political and social stability of Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan are an essen tial part in determining the future of the Caucuses. Each country’s style of governmentRead MoreAPUSH Unit 6 Textbook Questions 3397 Words   |  14 Pageswidening of political opportunity? Why? Farmers, laborers, African Americans, women, and Native Americans ​ because they wanted to challenge the power of eastern elites for the stake of the rising entrepreneurs of the south and the west. 3.How have historians differed over the nature of Jacksonian Democracy? Historians tended to see the politics of Jackson and his supporters as a ​ forerunner of their own generations battles against economic privilege and political corruption. 4.How did the ideology of theRead MoreThe Dysfunction of American Politics: How the Debasement of the American Citizenry has Facilitated Political Chaos2236 Words   |  9 PagesDespite dysfunction proliferating the workings of its institutions, the American political system continues to function as originally designed: to limit government control beyond the basic protection of liberty. At face value, the dysfunction of the American political system is guilelessly attributed to party polarization. Yet, political faction, according to James Madison, is not necessarily a bad thing. Instead, he argues in The Federalist that it is an essential and effective feature of a properlyRead MoreParliamentary and Presidential Form of Government8135 Words   |  33 PagesINTRODUCTION Presidential and Parliamentary systems are the two possible forms of Government in a democracy. In England there is the Parliamentary system, and it has worked so well over the years that it has become a model for a number of other countries. In the U.S.A., on the other hand, there is the Presidential form of executive, and it has been working quite successfully in that country. These two forms of government have their own distinctive characteristics, and their own respective meritsRead MoreInstitutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and Mexico Essay2544 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION From the Institutional Revolutionary party (PRI) to the National Action Party (PAN) to the Party of Democratic Revolution (PRD), Mexico has had many political parties in the past and present but many have questioned the fact that how has PRI manage to stay in power and maintain its place as the dominant party in the past. In this short research paper I am going to be talking about Partido Revolucionario Institutional (PRI) and Mexico. I want to discuss the history of PRI and how itRead Morerhetorical analysis of obamas political speeches5660 Words   |  23 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis of Obamas Political Discourse Juraj Horvà ¡th Abstract This paper examines the persuasive strategies of President Obamas public speaking as well as the covert ideology of the same, enshrined in his inaugural address. Our analysis is grounded in Norman Faircloughs assumptions in critical discourse analysis, claiming that ideologies reside in texts that it is not possible to read off ideologies from texts and that texts are open to diverse interpretationsRead MoreEva Peron2454 Words   |  10 PagesMaria Eva Duarte de Peron y La Razon por Su Vida At 8:25pm on the 26th day of July in 1952, all of Argentina clutched their chests in shock. They had just been told by President Juan Peron that their beloved and revered Evita had passed away. While the masses wept in her memory a select few mourned her death with celebratory toasts of champagne. Nevertheless, the Argentine streets were lined with mourners and flowers from the moment her death was announced until her funeral on August 11th. EvaRead MoreIndian Polity and Social Issue16628 Words   |  67 PagesPolity, Constitution and Social Issues Polity Constitution Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of the government and spells out the fundamental rights, directive principles and duties of citizens. Passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the declarationRead MoreThe Fluidity of the American Civil War6740 Words   |  27 Pagesguaranteeing civil rights to the freed slaves. In the 1860 presidential election, Republicans, led by Abraham Lincoln, supported banning slavery in all the U.S. territories, something the Southern states viewed as a violation of their constitutional rights and as being part of a plan to eventually abolish slavery. The Republican Party, dominant in the North, secured a majority of the electoral votes, and Lincoln was elected the first Republican president, but before his inauguration on March 4, 1861, sevenRead More Protecting Ourselves from Media Manipulation: The Use of Alternative Media as an Information Source5213 Words   |  21 Pagesthat they had anticipated. These fears were manipulated by the mass media creating further anxiety. Plausibility and timing are equally as important in creating stories or news that can result in anxiety and fear. To fully deceive the public there has to be a plausible story occurring at the right time and place. In our post 9/11 world, where many people are already feeling on the edge it is important that the media is careful in what they produce, and think about the potential

Analysis Of The Movie Romero - 1597 Words

The movie Romero is a movie that was released in 1989 which covers the life, career, and eventual assassination of the Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero. Upon his appointment as archbishop the local government assumed that he would go with the status quo and help them to quell dissent. Romero met the early expectations of him that the government had, and did not rock the boat in terms of speaking out against the government. Romero later does the opposite of this, after personal experiences of the government’s atrocities. He began to consistently speaking out against a ruthless government which regularly terrorized its citizens and used brutal death squads to crush any dissent against them. Romero was always peaceful in the various forms of protest against the regime and made sure the people were always getting the truth, even when it ended up costing him his life. The actor who portrays him in the film is Raul Julia. Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdamez was born in 1917 and died March 24 1980. Romero began his career as a priest at the age of thirteen, and rose through the ranks to become a high ranking member of the Catholic Church, eventually serving as the fourth Archbishop of San Salvador. In the beginning of his priesthood, Romero was more conservative but over time became a very outspoken man with strong opinions who pushed for political change. He gave a voice to those who suffered from social injustice, poverty, and the regular brutalities of Salvadoran life, such asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Romero 1776 Words   |  8 Pagesis during this time that the Vatican elevated Oscar Romero to the position of Arch Bishop of San Salvador. Romero is elevated in hopes that with his quite, passive demurer and diminishing health that he would accept the status quo and not cause a military dispute; however, much to everyone’s surprise, Romero became the voice of the poor and took a stand against the exiguous government and hostile military, which begin to target priests. Romero was passive at first, afraid of government’s hostilityRead MoreNight Of The Living Dead1444 Words   |  6 PagesLiving Dead is a breakout movie created and directed by George A. Romero released in 1968. The movie launched Romero’s career and a subset genre of film. Romero has used his movies as a form of social commentary. In Night of the Living Dead you see a black male hero trying to lead in a small group setting. In 2014 this would not be a big deal however, in 1968 with the civil rights movement and the death of Martian Luther King being in the headlines this is significant and the movie is still relevant inRead MoreZombie Movies : A Plague Of Meaning821 Words   |  4 Pagesand Brandy Blake’s, â€Å"George Romero Zombie Films: A Plague of Meaning,† the authors walk the reader through how as time changed zombie movies changed with it. The authors further ex plain how zombies in many movies represent the time and culture. The writers inform the reader through their use of information from past zombie movies and analysis of the events of the times they were made. When glancing over this article, it is hard to overlook the substantial amount of movie titles. Then, while readingRead MoreEssay Dimensions of Night of the Living Dead1606 Words   |  7 Pagescreated by a team of movie business outsiders from Pittsburgh (IMDb.com). The Image Ten, as they were later known, led by George Romero, created a horror film unlike any that had come before. Although the horror film had been around for nearly as long as the cinema, Night of the Living Dead was revolutionary in its production, its subtext as understood in historical reference, and its lasting effects on the horror genre. The British Film Institute’s Benjamin Hervey provides an analysis of the film as understoodRead MoreA Better Life Movie Analysis Essay635 Words   |  3 PagesJuan Marcos Romero ENG 108 Armory Kaiser 27 February 2012 A Better Life Movie Analysis In the movie A Better Life, the Main Character Carlos Galindo is an undocumented immigrant from Mexico who started working as a day labor worker when he first arrived in the country, however he has had steady work from Blasco Martinez who owns a gardening business which he tries to convince Carlos to buy from him as he says he is moving. The idea of being self employed is very appealing to Carlos but heRead MoreTypes Of Households : Ladera Ranch1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthey spend on education, $2,462, and almost as much as the amount they spend on health care, $5,448. This result highlights the important role of entertainment and the potential profitability of the recreation and entertainment industry. Competitors Analysis The indoor/outdoor Family Entertainment Center business is a growing entertainment industry (Seninsky, 2011). This will be a family amusement center that all ages can participate in and enjoy. The prime market of the facility is a 5 mile radiusRead MoreInnocent Voices2621 Words   |  11 PagesSynopsis. Innocent voices is a biographical movie about the littlehood of Chava (Carlos Padilla). Chava lives with his mother, Kella, (Leonor Varela), a dress-maker, his older sister and younger brother on the outside of the town. Their house is barely more than a shack made of tin and wood, but it is home to the little family at the beginning of the war when the father deserted them for the United States. Chava is now the man of the house. With increasing frequency the guerillas (the independentRead More Not All Conspiracies are Imaginary Essay5743 Words   |  23 PagesCritics In the winter of 1991-92 Oliver Stones film JFK revived popular interest in the question of President John Kennedys assassination. As noted in part I of this article, the mainstream media launched a protracted barrage of invective against the movie. Conservatives and liberals closed ranks to tell the public there was no conspiracy to murder the president for such things do not happen in the United States. Unfortunately, some writers normally identified as on the Left have rejected any suggestionRead MoreTexas Textbook Controversy5455 Words   |  22 Pages------------------------------------------------- Texas textbook controversy- Analysis Kim Stevenson Eastern New Mexico University CI 531 1WW March 3, 2013- Abstract: Ever since the 1960s, the Texas textbook controversy has had an issue in America. The Texas school board is meeting to make revisions to their textbooks and curriculum. But are they also revising history? Educators across the country are watching to see the effect this issue will have on students. The choices the board membersRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pagesof Marketing and Advertising  The text includes two chapters on marketing and advertising, both traditional online marketing and social, mobile, and local marketing. Marketing concepts, including market segmentation, personalization, clickstream analysis, bundling of digital goods, long-tail marketing, and dynamic pricing, are used throughout the text. x Preface In-depth Coverage of B2B E-commerce  We devote an entire chapter to an examination of B2B e-commerce. In writing this chapter

Essay about The American Constitution - 2885 Words

The American Constitution The basis of all law in the United States is the Constitution. This Constitution is a document written by outcasts of England. The Constitution of the United States sets forth the nations fundamental laws. It establishes the form of the national government and defines the rights and liberties of the American people. It also lists the aims of the government and the methods of achieving them. The Constitution was written to organize a strong national government for the American states. Previously, the nations leaders had established a national government under the Articles of Confederation. But the Articles granted independence to each state. They lacked the authority to make the†¦show more content†¦The executive branch includes the President the vice President, the cabinet and all federal departments, and most governmental agencies. All executive power is vested in the President [US Const. Art. II, sec 1, cl. 1], currently Bill Clinton, who serves a four-year term. The President is the commander in Chief of the military [US Const. Art. II, sec 2, cl. 1], and has primary authority over foreign affairs. The President has the power to make treaties, but only with two-thirds of the US senate [US Const. Art. II, sec 2, cl. 2]. The President of the US has the power to nominate all Supreme Court Justices, all other federal juries, ambassadors, and all other officers of the United States. The President had the jurisdiction to veto legislation. The vice President is the President of the Senate. The Vice President serves the same four year term as the President. The President is the head of the thirteen government departments. These departments are not listed in the constitution and have varied in name and in number over the years. Currently they are the DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, TREASURY, DEFENSE, JUSTICE, INTERIOR, AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE, LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORTATION, ENERGY, and EDUCATION. The heads of each department form the cabinet, which is theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution And The American Constitution1141 Words   |  5 Pagestheir mistakes and promptly followed up by making quite possibly the most successful constitution ever in 1776. To ensure that American citizens would enjoy their new freedom, our founders kept in mind what John Locke had said in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding â€Å"life, liberty, and property,† by coining â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† into the final draft of the constitution. The constitution is important because it â€Å"exists to protect the rights of all citizens, and has noRead MoreThe American Constitution And The Constitution1197 Words   |  5 PagesLet take a look at some of the compromises and challenges the Founding Fathers had to overcome when they set out to rewrite the American Constitution. The government built upon the Articles of Confederation was failing and change was needed. The American Constitution would not have been adopted without compromise over very difficult topics such as slavery, size and structure of government, taxation, elections, and governing responsibilities. The Federal and States balance of authority and divisionRead MoreAmerican Constitution2557 Words   |  11 PagesPO 201 – American Constitution Oct 15, 2012 1. The most general definition of politics would be the process by which values are authoritatively allocated for a particular society. More specifically that allocation speaks to the process where it is decided when, what, who, and how resources are distributed. Many would say that politics is no more than the art of governing humanity through deception, and some would even go as far as to say it is nothing more than conducting public affairsRead MoreThe American Constitution Essay2253 Words   |  10 PagesPolitical Science 300: The American Constitution 12/01/2016 Marijuana Throughout the history of the republic, there has been controversy between state and federal power. The state and federal power has been an ongoing dilemma regarding the separation of powers since the beginning of the constitution. An issue was brought to the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTOS) that could change the future of upcoming court cases. There has been question whether the Constitution grants certain laws as voidRead MoreExample Of The American Constitution927 Words   |  4 Pages  The american constitution is frequently all the conjured Concerning illustration the framework from claiming american democracy, yet parts about it need aid often underestimated. Robert Dahls book may be a helpful update that the american constitution is far starting with the best could be allowed foundation to equitable framework - Whats more that it may, indeed, a chance to be significantly starting with an perfect gas one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dahl recognizes those constitution in the light of the authenticRead MoreThe Uniqueness of the American Constitution858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uniqueness of the American Constitution We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. This document, written more than 200 years ago is still the backbone that allows America to be an example of freedomRead MoreThe Genius of the American Constitution1000 Words   |  4 Pages The Genius of the American Constitution Since the advent of human government, one of the principle fears held by the constituents of the government has always been to prevent any form of tyranny or abuse within it. Tyranny can be loosely described as one person or a group of people having total power in a government leading to the subjugation and oppression of people’s rights. Many new nations wish to eliminate any aspect of their government that may eventually lead to tyranny. The United StatesRead MoreEssay on American Constitution2296 Words   |  10 Pagespaper The significance of the fact that the Nevada Constitution is lengthier than the U.S. Constitution is insurance for the state. The Constitution assures the states of its problems and its issues. The Nevada Constitution was approved on the first Wednesday of September 1864. In the state of Nevada, the significant fact that lengthens our Constitution from the U.S. Constitution is the gaming Constitution. The gaming Constitution needs to be addressed when congress or any other politicalRead MoreThe Principles Of The American Constitution1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe principles of the American constitution base it’s ideals on Judeo-Christian beliefs and morals. Laws against murder, adultery, theft and practices deemed â€Å"unholy† were instituted with belief these guidelines and restrictions would create a stable but more importantly, prosperous nation economically and socially. However, nearing the 1920’s these rules were challenged in their purity and importan ce which lead many to question the doctrine of the ideal lifestyle those involved in religious practiceRead MoreHow Democratic Is The American Constitution Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesDemocratic is the American Constitution? is how effective the Constitution is at promoting the ideals of a democracy. For Dahl, there are several issues surrounding the Constitution, from its drafting, to its ideology, to its relevance. By analyzing Dahl’s critiques of the Constitution in terms of the parallels that exist between factions and the two-party system, the issue of unequal representation, and the necessity for the Framers to compromise on their ideals to ratify the Constitution, Dahl defined

Black Codes Free Essays

Ryan Fagan U. S. History Honors Bushong 4/27/12 How did the Black Codes prevent the immediate integration of the freed black men into society? Written pages: 5 The Civil War caused many issues for American Society, from the physical separation of the southern states, to the issue of ending slavery, being the most well known, and for good reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Codes or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the north wanted the slaves to be free, the south did not, which obviously caused Problems. This topic of free vs. slavery did not begin after the war started though, the government had dealt with many different cases and often the ended in favor of slavery. After the Civil War the issues with slavery still existed because of the creation of Black Codes, codes that basically forced the â€Å"free† men to report to a white employer or supervisor who decided what they could and could not do freely. These are just few of many reasons that the integration of freed black men, and men of color, took almost a century after the day they were legally released to truly have their freedom. One of the many reasons that the integration of the freed men into society was not more immediate was because of the stance of the national government before the war. The north may have not been slave states, but when it came to helping a slave in need, they were not going to be the ones to lend a hand. The Dred Scott case is a prime example of this stance. In this case a slaved argues that his owner moved from a slave state to a free state, thereby causing him to become a free citizen of society. This case was extremely controversial. While on one hand the slave made a point, the other hand caused the government to deny his request for freedom, without real rational reason. When the government’s stance changed and Abraham Lincoln became president, the newly elected president caused the country to go to war with itself because of his public stance on slavery. This tragic event caused the south to secede from the United States and form their own government. Of course the sole issue of the south’s secession was not the loss of slavery, but also had an economic aspect as well. When the Civil War was over, it was quite obvious that the southern states still had a deep and powerful hatred for anyone of color. This hatred, as mentioned before, is the primary reason for the southern states creating the Black Codes. Not only did the Black Codes cause issues between the southern ex-slave owners and their freed slaves, but it also caused a great number of issues in the northern states. The northern states saw these Black Codes as an unfair and cruel way of bringing back slavery. Primarily because in the southern states state government, the white legislators saw no real reason to end the inequality between the white men, and the men of color (â€Å"Constitutional rights foundation,† 2011). Without establishing a new state of mind the governments in the southern states would continue to make these laws, leaving the federal government unable to make any real changes to ensure the well being of the men of color. This only delayed the integration of the men of color into society even longer, because the relationship between the state governments and the national governments were too fragile at this point in time to make anything positive happen. In reviewing the South Carolina Black Codes, it is clear how biased and restricted the everyday lives of the freed men were. In order to integrate into society completely, the freed man would not only need to attempt to change the views of the white men around them, they were still required to follow the Black Codes. Rebellion could only get the freed men so far because they were not permitted to own anything that could be used as a weapon. The South Carolina Black Codes also prevented the migration of freed men to South Carolina without the approval of two South Carolina white men. These white men, known as freeholders, were essentially the people responsible for the freed men, also known as servants, that they approved. After that the Black Codes basically permit slavery to those who take on the responsibility for the freed men. The reason that the free slaves were not able to immediately integrate in society was the Continued existence of the Black Codes. The Black Codes only promoted the previously accepted view of superiority and resulted in lasting conflicts between the races for years. The immediate elimination of the Black Codes would have completely removed any political power that one race would have ad over the other, which in turn would have prevented the conflicts of pride and respect. An immediate overturning of the Black Codes would have also caused the issues of indirect slavery, and violations of rights given to all men by the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. The overall attitude towards freed slaves would have been completely different and would have resulted in a faster change in public opinion and would have allowed the integration of the freed slaves to be much more fluid. Work Cited Black codes and jim crow laws. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. sciway. net/afam/reconstruction/blackcodes. html Constitutional rights foundation. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. crf-usa. org/brown-v-board-50th-anniversary/southern-black-codes. html Herda, D. J. (1948). The dred scott case: Slavery and citizenship  . Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc. The mississippi black code (1865). (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://wps. ablongman. com/long_longman_lahdemo_1/0,8259,1546454-,00. html How to cite Black Codes, Essay examples Black Codes Free Essays Thomas Dixon September 13, 2012 Honors U. S History Black Codes The Black Codes were laws in the United States after the Civil War with the intent of limiting the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks as much as possible. Black Codes is used most often to refer to laws passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor, housing and other activities of newly-freed slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Codes or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Texas, the Eleventh Legislature produced these codes in 1866, right after the Civil War. The law reaffirmed the position that slaves and free blacks had held in Texas and was intended to make blacks work. The codes showed how stubborn white Texans were accepting blacks as equals and also their fears that freedmen would not work unless forced. The codes continued legal discrimination between whites and blacks. The legislature, when it amended the 1856 penal code, emphasized the difference between whites and blacks by defining all people with one-eighth or more black ancestry as persons of color, subject to special parts in the law. The black codes were enforced immediately after the American Civil War. Though different from state to state, they each set out to secure a steady supply of cheap labor, and continued to assume the weakness of the freed slaves. The black codes had their roots in the slave codes that had formerly been in effect. The idea behind slavery in America was that slaves were property, and, as such, they had few, if any, legal rights. The slave codes, in their many loosely-defined forms, were seen as effective tools against slave unrest, particularly as a protective method against revolts and runaways. Enforcement of slave codes also varied, but bodily punishment was widely and harshly used to great effect. These black codes were very unfair and lucky for African Americans are not used today. How to cite Black Codes, Essay examples

Illusion and Identity in Atwood’s free essay sample

Identity in Atwood’s â€Å"This is a Photograph of Me† In her poem â€Å"This is a Photograph of Me,† author Margaret Atwood uses imagery and contrast to explore issues of illusion versus reality as well as identity. The poem is split into two halves. The first half contains descriptive words about scenery and natural objects, and the second half, surrounded by parentheses, begins with the unnerving surprise that the narrator is dead. The poem opens with a description of a picture that at first seems blurry but slowly comes into focus, like a photograph slowly developing, that even resembles a written poem itself (â€Å"blurred lines and grey flecks/blended with the paper. †) The second and third stanzas go on to describe objects in the picture, including a â€Å"small frame house,† a â€Å"lake,† and â€Å"some low hills. † The first half has a reminiscent and descriptive tone, falsely leading the reader along with serenity. We will write a custom essay sample on Illusion and Identity in Atwood’s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But even here, there is a shroud of mystery, with a description not just of a â€Å"branch,† but of â€Å"a thing that is like a branch,† and the house is â€Å"halfway up/ what ought to be a gentle slope,† not halfway up a gentle slope. What could this mean? The calm albeit mysterious peacefulness of the first half ends with the fourth stanza’s jarring declaration, beginning with an opening parenthesis, that the photograph the narrator is describing â€Å"was taken/ the day after [she] drowned. The pace of the poem after this revelation seems frantic, searching for the narrator in the lake, which was in the first half described as being â€Å"in the background† and now â€Å"in the center/ of the picture. † The narrator tells the reader that what can be seen is distorted and one must look intently, playing with the themes of illusion and identity. Perhaps the ambiguity of the poem and the exploration of illusion and identity are hinting at a feminist perspective that a woman’s true spirit is overcast by a male-dominated society. Or perhaps the poem’s focus is eluding to a more universal human search for identity, a with a narrator who is unsure and obscured, but â€Å"just under the surface,† about to break out – previously dead but now reborn, to find a new path. Or perhaps the author is talking about poetry or literature itself and the author’s hidden intentions lurking in the work. As noted earlier, the description of the â€Å"photograph† at the beginning resembles a description of a poem: â€Å"blurred lines and grey flecks/ blended with the paper,† like lines of writing and the letters comprising words. The author dies with the birth of her poem, when the piece lives on its own; but the author is still there, somewhere, her intentions a key part of the text. The photograph in the poem, in the first half, is described as â€Å"smeared† and â€Å"blurred† and in the second half there is still â€Å"distortion. † So instead of disclosing the narrator’s story and identity, no resolution is apparent. On the contrary, the photograph creates illusion and obscures identity. The reader is left with uncertainty, just like the blurred and distorted photograph of the poem.